The latest pullback in Carvana (NYSE:CVNA) has been framed by some as a routine earnings wobble. The company missed adjusted EBITDA expectations, reconditioning costs ran hot, and margins dipped. Management called it growing pains. The market initially knocked the stock down more than 9% intraday before trimming the loss. That might sound like a standard high-growth hiccup. But look a little closer, and the story feels heavier. Beneath the headline miss sit persistent cost pressures, fragile unit economics that rely on favorable financing dynamics, and a valuation that leaves little room for error. Add to that ongoing balance-sheet complexity and renewed credibility questions following short-seller allegations, and this begins to look less like a temporary setback and more like a stress test. The selloff may not be about one quarter. It may be about whether the turnaround is structurally durable.
Persistent Cost Pressures & Operational Fragility
Carvana’s management was candid about what went wrong in the quarter. Reconditioning costs ran higher than expected. Non-vehicle costs rose. Depreciation on inventory increased. Retail gross profit per unit fell by $255 to $3,076. Adjusted EBITDA came in at $511 million, below consensus.
The explanation was straightforward. The company grew retail units 43% year over year. It opened and integrated additional ADESA sites. It hired new managers. It expanded capacity. In theory, those are growth investments. In practice, they reveal how sensitive the model remains to operational execution.
Reconditioning is not software. It is labor, facilities, parts, and logistics. Management admitted this is the most complex part of the business. It has also historically been the area where Carvana has stumbled. When scaling pressures build, costs rise quickly.
The company expects elevated non-vehicle costs again in the first quarter. That signals this is not a one-quarter anomaly. Even small inefficiencies flow directly into GPU. When gross profit per unit slips by a few hundred dollars, margin math shifts fast.
Carvana argues these are addressable issues. That may be true. But the repeated pattern is clear. Rapid growth creates operational strain. Operational strain raises costs. Raised costs pressure margins.
That cycle makes the model less resilient than bulls assume. If scale automatically solved costs, we would not see recurring misses tied to execution at reconditioning centers.
Fragile Unit Economics & Dependence On Financial Engineering
On the surface, Carvana’s financial performance looks strong. Net income was $951 million in the quarter. Adjusted EBITDA margins reached 11% for full-year 2025. Retail volumes hit records.
But dig into the details. A $618 million non-cash tax benefit inflated net income. Without that and warrant impacts, adjusted net income was $333 million. Of that, management noted that loan sales accounted for 95% of the profit.
That is a critical data point. Carvana’s profitability remains heavily tied to financial activity, not just retail margin expansion. When a used-car retailer depends this much on loan sales and favorable financing spreads, risk shifts from retail execution to credit markets.
The company proudly lowered customer interest rates by about one percentage point year over year. That helps conversion. It also pressures other GPU unless offset by improved cost of funds or higher attach rates.
Those gains are not guaranteed. They depend on access to capital markets and strong demand for securitized auto loans. If credit spreads widen or appetite cools, that lever weakens.
Retail GPU also fell due to shipping fee pass-through and higher depreciation. While passing savings to customers may drive long-term loyalty, it compresses near-term margins. That makes EBITDA per unit more sensitive to small cost swings.
The model works best when volume, credit conditions, and execution all align. When even one wobbles, the cushion looks thin.
Valuation Vulnerability In A Perfection-Priced Stock
Valuation is where the market’s skepticism becomes clearer. Even after the selloff, Carvana trades at demanding multiples.
As of February 19, 2026, the company’s LTM EV/EBITDA sits around 23.6x. LTM EV/EBIT is roughly 27x. LTM price-to-sales is 2.34x. Forward EV/EBITDA is about 17.6x.
Those numbers are not distressed. They imply confidence in sustained margin expansion and rapid growth. They price in the path toward management’s long-term goal of 13.5% adjusted EBITDA margins and millions of units sold.
That is a high bar for a company operating in a low-margin, asset-heavy industry. Used car retail is competitive and fragmented. Carvana has 1.6% market share. That leaves room to grow. It also means it competes against thousands of dealers who share similar cost structures.
When a stock trades at 20-plus times EBITDA, the market assumes steady execution. Any sign of recurring cost volatility challenges that assumption.
Free cash flow multiples have also swung widely. NTM market cap to free cash flow was over 127x at one point in late 2025. It has compressed since. That volatility reflects how sensitive the model is to working capital and financing dynamics.
In short, valuation leaves limited room for operational surprises.
Balance-Sheet Complexity & Lingering Credibility Risks
To its credit, Carvana improved its balance sheet. It ended 2025 with $2.3 billion in cash. It retired $709 million of corporate notes. Net debt to trailing adjusted EBITDA fell to 1.3x.
That is progress. But complexity remains. The Up-C structure generates deferred tax assets and tax receivable liabilities. The quarter included a major valuation allowance release tied to sustained profitability. While positive, it underscores how accounting dynamics can materially swing reported results.
More importantly, short-seller allegations resurfaced around related-party transactions. Management firmly denied selling loans to related parties and called reports inaccurate. Even so, the mere presence of such claims can weigh on sentiment.
Carvana has faced credibility questions before. Title registration issues. Liquidity scares. Debt restructurings. Each episode adds a layer of perceived fragility.
Turnarounds depend on trust. When financial statements include large non-cash benefits, and profits rely heavily on loan sales, scrutiny intensifies.
The company’s leadership has shown resilience. But credibility, once dented, takes time to fully restore.
Final Thoughts: A Crossroads Between Scale Dreams & Structural Reality
Carvana’s selloff could still prove temporary. The company is growing units at a 43% clip. Adjusted EBITDA margins reached 11%. Net debt is lower. AI-driven automation and scale advantages may strengthen over time.
Yet structural risks are visible. Reconditioning cost volatility persists. Unit economics lean heavily on financing dynamics. Loan sales drive a large share of profit. Valuation remains elevated at roughly 23x LTM EBITDA and over 27x LTM EBIT.
That pricing assumes durable margin expansion and smooth execution. The market is beginning to question whether that path is linear.
The recent pullback may reflect more than an earnings miss. It may represent a recalibration of expectations.
For investors, the debate now centers on whether Carvana’s operational gains can outpace its structural vulnerabilities. The answer will determine whether this is a temporary dip or a deeper reset.
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